Advanced Diagnostic and Treatment Approaches for Esophageal Cancer

Abstract

The greatest survival rate for esophageal carcinoma is less than 20% or around five years, according to various surveys. Worldwide, esophageal cancer ranks sixth in terms of cancer-related death. Additionally, it ranks as the tenth most prevalent cancer type. The main things that can put you at risk for endocrinopathy include things like drinking and smoking. Adenocarcinoma (EAC) and squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) are the two main histological subtypes of esophageal cancer. The epidemiological and clinical features of each are distinct. The ESCC is more dangerous than the EAC, and men are more likely to get EC than women. It is a highly aggressive and deadly disease. Several tests can be performed for the diagnosis of Esophageal cancer, the tests include barium swallow study, Biopsy, CT scan, MRI Scan, Bronchoscopy, PET Scan, Thoracoscopy, Etc. After the diagnosis of EC, the patients are treated according to their stages. The most common treatment options may include the following: Surgery (Esophagogastrostomy, Laparoscopic surgery, Gastrostomy, Esophagectomy), Medical procedures (Chemoradiation therapy, Radiation therapy, Laser therapy, Electrocoagulation), Chemotherapy. Other than this, newer treatment options like Targeted drug therapy and Immunotherapy are playing an emerging role in the treatment of EC by improving the quality of life. Nowadays, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is significantly contributing to improving EC's dismal outlook. Different strategies based on artificial intelligence (AI), including chromo endoscopy, Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE), and clinicopathologic, and in order to diagnose and treat EC genetic factors have been created. The advanced diagnostic and treatment approaches for EC are discussed briefly in this article.