International Journal of Emerging Trends in Pharmacy and Medicine
The International Journal of Emerging Trends in Pharmacy and Medicine with Online ISSN 3107-4103 is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal dedicated to advancing knowledge at the intersection of pharmacy and medical sciences. It is a global platform for researchers, clinicians, and healthcare professionals to publish original studies, in-depth reviews, case reports, and insightful commentaries on these fields' latest developments and innovations. This Journal aims to capture emerging trends in pharmaceutical and medical sciences, strongly emphasizing interdisciplinary studies and translational research that bridge the gap between laboratory discoveries and clinical application. Editorial Process and Submission Guidelines The journal follows a double-blind peer review process to ensure the highest quality of research and fairness. Submissions are evaluated for originality, relevance, methodological rigor, and clarity. Accepted manuscripts undergo copyediting to meet the journal's editorial standards. Publication Frequency: Four issues per year (March, June, September, and December) - (Quarterly). Open Access Policy: All published articles are available freely to maximize global reach and impact. Article Processing Charges (APC): This journal maintains reasonable APCs to ensure worldwide accessibility for researchers. MS Word IJETPM's Article Template Download. Audience This journal is a valuable resource for academics, medical practitioners, pharmacists, researchers in biotechnology and pharmaceuticals, healthcare administrators, and students in related fields. Its interdisciplinary approach makes it relevant for anyone interested in staying updated on groundbreaking trends and developments in pharmacy and medicine.
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Review on Herbal Lip Balm Formulation Containing Matcha Green Tea Powder and Essential Oils
Cosmetics are substances that are intended for application to the body for cleansing, promoting attractiveness. In recent times focus shifted towards the naturally derived cosmetics, because the peoples are more interested in using herbal cosmetic products than the synthetic formulation. Because the constituents in synthetic sources have many adverse effects because of presence of dyes and parabens this may cause allergic reactions. Natural lip balms have a reputation for safety and cause fewer negative effects. Nearly every cosmetic product on the market is geared towards the skin, as the skin is one of the most sensitive organs in the body. The intended purpose is to color a person's lips and act to protect them from drying. In this study, we provide a natural alternative to synthetic lip balms. We show that formulating cosmetics will improve the use of herbal ingredients. One of the most widely used cosmetic products on the market is undoubtedly lip balm, which has grown in popularity. The formulation may be made to be easily applied and is often a waxy material (semisolid). Lip balm's general function and goal may be summed up as a protective treatment for the lips that also relieves irritation. This article reviews the development of an organic lip care product with fewer negative consequences. The herbal lip balm formulates using naturally occurring ingredients like herbal extracts, essential oils, bases, natural color and flavoring agents. Various natural ingredients used were bees wax, shea butter, jojoba oil, matcha green tea and vitamin E. Though important thing is that the usage of natural ingredients is safe for everyday use and they have healing properties. It forms external protective layer that protects lip from dust, cold and other environmental condition. It is a gender-neutral product. This article confirms that the usage of natural ingredients in the preparation that shows the fewer side effects compare to other synthetic formulation.
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A Comprehensive Review of Antiseptic Formulations: Principles, Applications, and Future Directions
Antiseptic Ointments are a semi-solid dosage form that can be a great option for nearly every type of wound. Ointments can either be by itself or in a clinical dressing for acute and chronic wound care. The ointments are topically applied over a cut wound may prevent microbial contamination and assist with wound healing by the dressing. It contains synthetic medicinal ingredients like chlorhexidine and benzialkonium chlorideare used for the therapeutically effect. And the suitable ointment bases like absorption base, oleaginous base, water soluble base, emulsify base are used for better consistency. The varies formulation of the ointment is done by preparing the ointment bases and include the active ingredient within the accurate relationship into the based on the fusion method, emulsion method and trituration method. The efficacy of the formulation as a viscosity spreadability, stability and physical characteristics are can be evaluated.
Review of Transdermal Patches Including Menthol Crystal and Eucalyptus Oil: Design, Manufacturing, Development, and Physicochemical Assessment
Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) provide a regulated & continuous release of medicinal substances through the skin, making them a viable substitute for traditional methods. Herbal transdermal patches for anti-inflammatory purposes utilize bioactive compounds derived from medicinal plants such as aloe vera, eucalyptus oil, and menthol. These patches bypass first-pass metabolism, improve patient compliance, and provide localized as well as systemic effects with minimal side effects compared to synthetic drugs. Usually, polymers, plasticizers, and penetration enhancers are mixed with herbal extracts in the formulation, which is prepared using techniques like solvent casting, mercury substrate, and aluminum-backed adhesive film. Physical attributes like as thickness, tensile strength, folding durability, moisture content, uptake, and % break elongation test are among the evaluation criteria. Herbal transdermal patches show promising potential in managing inflammatory conditions like arthritis, muscle pain, and swelling, offering a safer, natural, and patient-friendly approach for long-term therapy.
A Comprehensive Review on the Formulation, Characterization, and Evaluation of Lactic Acid-based Moisturizing Cream
This research intends to formulate a moisturizing cream that enhances skin hydration, whilst contributing to maintenance of the skin's natural barrier function. The three main types of agents that comprise moisturizing agents are humectants, emollients, and occlusives; these work together to occlude skin moisture and prevent excessive loss of moisture. The suggested formulation suggests ment to consist of glycerin, aloe vera, rose water, beeswax, neem oil, and borax due to it complementary properties in enhancing hydration and maintaining skin's lipid balance. Adjunctive agents include panthenol and allantoin which help to manage discomfort and improve texture. Overall, this research demonstrates how a balanced cream formulation plays an important role in developing better daily skin care practices, reducing transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and accelerating skin healing.
A Review on Use of Natural Retinoid Bakuchiol and Natural Anti-Microbial Agent Tea Tree Oil in Anti Acne Gel Formulation
Acne is prevalent issue among today's youth concerning for good appearance; various synthetic anti acne gel is employed, but they can result in numerous side effects such as that may be controlled by using Herbal anti acne gels. They provide mild or no adverse effects. Bakuchiol one of the natural retinol and alternative has been exposed to have anti-microbial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory qualities. TTO (tea tree oil) exhibit wide range of anti-microbial activity, whereas aloe vera gel serves as natural moisturising agent and soothing agent. Therefore, using Herbal ingredients in the formulation might lower expenses and give enhanced safer activity. This formulation is prepared by coarse dispersion method, cold method, and fusion method. To achieve improved result, the course dispersion method can be used, which will maintain stability for an extended period as it does not segregate.
A Review of Natural Food Products and Their Impact on Cardiac Health
Disorders of the heart (CVD). Based on data from clinical, epidemiological, and experimental research, dietary nutrients are regarded as cardiovascular-friendly natural products due to the significant cardioprotective benefits they offer cutting-edge primary and secondary inhibition of cardiovascular diseases. The effects of ω-3 (PUFA) are briefly discussed in this article. Several CVD disorders & natural foods that influence heart health, including pomegranate, walnut, onion, and garlic.
Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA)
Screening for Cognitive Impairment in Post-Menopausal Women using the Brief Cognitive Rating Scale Tool
Cognitive impairment is characterized by diminished cognitive abilities beyond those resulting from various factors that interfere with the brain’s typical processing functions. To screen cognitive impairment in post-menopausal women and to raise awareness among women on self-caring after menopause. This prospective observational study was conducted over six months in both the inpatient and outpatient units of a tertiary care hospital. Females in the postmenopausal years (five to ten years after menopause) who had not previously had any of the following conditions were eligible to participate: no history of trauma, head injury, stroke, mental illness, or non-psychotic medication. The Brief Cognitive Rating Scale (BCRS) was utilized to assess and screen for cognitive impairment. Out of 150 patients, 118 were found to have cognitive impairment. Common symptoms included memory problems, lack of concentration, orientation issues, and functional decline. This study's results confirm the BCRS's validity and reliability as a screening tool for cognitive impairment, and also highlight the need to make lifestyle changes and get counseling early on to keep the quality of life high.
The point of this article is to show how the skills needed to lead a pharmacy today are changing because healthcare systems are getting more complicated. The study stresses that pharmacy leaders need to learn more than just how to run a business. They also need to learn how to think strategically, use technology, communicate with other professionals, and provide care that is focused on equality. The study used a narrative review method and looked at a variety of books on healthcare leadership, pharmacy education frameworks, and professional guidelines. The piece combines these ideas to describe the main skills that modern pharmacy leaders need to meet the goals of their institutions and adapt to changing healthcare conditions. It is now important for pharmacy leaders to have a wide range of skills, such as being good at change management, health computing, financial planning, and following the rules. A good boss should also be able to understand different cultures, deal with crises well, and help their workers grow. They can make sure that everyone gets fair and good pharmacy services, lead teams with people from different backgrounds, and come up with new ideas. Leaders in pharmacies need to be able to adapt to new situations and learn new skills because healthcare is always changing. People in charge will only be successful in this new era of leadership if they know how to use strategic, technological, and interpersonal tools to make sure that pharmacy practice fits with the overall goals of the organization. These skills will have a big effect on the future of health care if pharmacy leaders learn them.
Advancing Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review on Effectiveness, Barriers, and Innovations during 2020-2024
People with cardiovascular disease (CVD) can benefit from cardiac rehabilitation (CR), a complete, multidisciplinary program designed to enhance their physical, mental, and social well-being. Grounded on research released between 2020 and 2024, this review looks at the foundational elements, innovations, obstacles, and efficacy of CR. CR has been shown to improve quality of life, increase exercise capability, and considerably lower mortality rates. Risk factor management, lifestyle modification education, psychological support, and structured exercise training are important elements. CR engagement is still below ideal despite its demonstrated advantages because of obstacles such as cultural differences, lack of knowledge, and financial limitations. Virtual reality, telemedicine, and mobile health apps are recent innovations that hold promise for improving accessibility and adherence to CR programs. Future studies should concentrate on including mental health assistance into reintegration programs and tailoring CR therapies for a variety of populations. Optimizing CR results and lowering the worldwide problem of CVD requires tackling these matters and technologies.
Formulation of Antimicrobial Topical Gel Loaded with Stellaria Media Extract
Topical gels prepared from herbal extracts are safer and more efficient than synthetic topical gels. This study is performed to formulate an antimicrobial topical gel made of plant extract Stellaria media. The Stellaria media have many pharmacological activities such as antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-leishmanial, and antimicrobial. The extracts of Stellaria media were obtained from maceration and phytochemical analysis was performed and analyzed the phytochemical chemical present in the Stellaria media. The Stellaria media was loaded in the gel base with the gelling agent carbopol-940 and other excipients. Evaluation studies like viscosity, pH, spreadability, and homogeneity were determined. The antimicrobial activity was studied using disk diffusion method using Gram-positive bacteria (S.aures) and Gram-negative bacteria (E.coli). The zone of inhibition was studied, and the outcomes were comparatively efficient. This implies that Stellaria media-loaded topical gels can be a potential antimicrobial agent.
Advanced Diagnostic and Treatment Approaches for Esophageal Cancer
The greatest survival rate for esophageal carcinoma is less than 20% or around five years, according to various surveys. Worldwide, esophageal cancer ranks sixth in terms of cancer-related death. Additionally, it ranks as the tenth most prevalent cancer type. The main things that can put you at risk for endocrinopathy include things like drinking and smoking. Adenocarcinoma (EAC) and squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) are the two main histological subtypes of esophageal cancer. The epidemiological and clinical features of each are distinct. The ESCC is more dangerous than the EAC, and men are more likely to get EC than women. It is a highly aggressive and deadly disease. Several tests can be performed for the diagnosis of Esophageal cancer, the tests include barium swallow study, Biopsy, CT scan, MRI Scan, Bronchoscopy, PET Scan, Thoracoscopy, Etc. After the diagnosis of EC, the patients are treated according to their stages. The most common treatment options may include the following: Surgery (Esophagogastrostomy, Laparoscopic surgery, Gastrostomy, Esophagectomy), Medical procedures (Chemoradiation therapy, Radiation therapy, Laser therapy, Electrocoagulation), Chemotherapy. Other than this, newer treatment options like Targeted drug therapy and Immunotherapy are playing an emerging role in the treatment of EC by improving the quality of life. Nowadays, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is significantly contributing to improving EC's dismal outlook. Different strategies based on artificial intelligence (AI), including chromo endoscopy, Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE), and clinicopathologic, and in order to diagnose and treat EC genetic factors have been created. The advanced diagnostic and treatment approaches for EC are discussed briefly in this article.
DEVELOPMENT OF HERBAL FORMULATION FOR LACTATION USING ALTERNANTHERA SESSILE
India, the world's botanical garden, is the largest producer of healthful herbs. Human breast milk and breastfeeding are well documented as it has nutritional, cognitive, emotional and immunologic benefits. Specific pathogens and clinical illnesses are protected from human milk, for example, viruses, bacteria, and parasites. The main aim of this study is to develop and formulate an herbal capsule for lactation. Alternanthera sessile (Ponangannikeerai) is the leading natural ingredient to formulate an ideal herbal capsule that satisfies all the required properties to induce lactation. The prepared herbal capsule is antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and has galactagogue. The method used to formulate the herbal capsule is manual capsule filling. The prepared capsule was evaluated for its organoleptic and physiochemical characteristics such as colour, odour, taste, weight, variation, disintegration, and dissolution test to ensure that it possesses all the desired features to use for lactation properties. Thus, the formulated herbal capsule improves lactation compared to conventional medicine and has no side effects.
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF PROBIOTIC USE ALONG WITH ANTIBIOTICS
Probiotics are live microorganisms that give wellbeing benefits when devoured in satisfactory amounts, especially in keeping up intestine microbiota adjust. Starting from Metchnikoff's “Theory of Longevity,” probiotics have been recognized for their part in improving intestine wellbeing and generally well-being. Perfect probiotic strains, such as Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Saccharomyces boulardii, show tall practicality, resistance to stomach causticity, and immunomodulatory properties. Amid anti-microbial treatment, probiotics offer assistance reestablish intestine vegetation, decreasing the hazard of antibiotic-associated the runs and Clostridium difficile contaminations. They work by recharging advantageous microbes, creating antimicrobial substances, and fortifying the intestine boundary. Psych biotics, a specialized lesson of probiotics, have moreover appeared guarantee in supporting mental wellbeing. In expansion to probiotics, prebiotics—non-digestible nourishment components like inulin and pectin-support advantageous microscopic organisms, supporting absorption, progressing supplement assimilation, and possibly avoiding conditions such as fiery bowel malady and colon cancer. Probiotics and prebiotics are broadly accessible in different shapes, counting useful nourishments, dietary supplements, and pharmaceuticals. This audit looks at their part in anti-microbial treatment, their components of activity, and broader wellbeing benefits. Expanding mindfulness among healthcare experts can optimize probiotic utilize, make strides persistent results, and back anti-microbial stewardship.
EVALUATING THE INCIDENCE OF SOMATOFORM DISORDER AMONG PATIENTS WITH GI SYMPTOMS: AN ASSESSMENT USING THE PHQ-15 SCALE.
Background: We aimed to evaluate the incidence of somatoform disorder among patients with predominant gastro-intestinal symptoms visiting gastro department using PHQ-15 scale. Aims and Objectives: To quantify the incidence of somatoform disorders among patients with GI symptoms, to evaluate the more common symptoms observed among these patients and to provide counseling for patients confirmed with somatoform disorder. Methodology: This was a six-months prospective observational study conducted in the outpatient wards of a tertiary care hospital. The study included both gender above 18 years of age who did not have active GI disorder but presented with GI symptoms. The Patient Health Questionnaire Physical Symptoms (PHQ-15) scale was employed to evaluate the presence of somatoform disorders. This study adheres to the SRQR guidelines. A complete SRQR checklist is available as supplementary material. Results: Out of 2,338 Gastro OPD patients, 50 were diagnosed with somatoform disorder. Common symptoms included fatigue, nausea, joint pain, back pain, stomach pain, palpitations, constipation, or diarrhea feeling tired, trouble sleeping and chest pain. Although most were referred to a psychiatrist by the gastroenterologist, 18% did not accept psychiatric consultation. Conclusion: We conclude the study by stating that accurate diagnosis of somatoform disorder helps support overlooked patients. Despite reluctance to seek psychiatric help, proper counseling by psychiatrists can improve both physical and mental health in the Indian population.
Formulation and Evaluation of Clove Oil-Based Mouthwash
Mouthwash is a therapeutic liquid retained in the mouth and swished by the perioral muscle to remove oral pathogens. The current study aims to develop, test, and assess Mouthwash's efficacy against the oral cavity's microbial burden. For making Mouthwash, clove oil, thymol, and menthol were chosen, and the finished product was then tested for antibacterial activity against a staphylococcus aureus culture. Physical characteristics, including pH, color, odor, and stability, are further assessed. The current Mouthwash has strong antibacterial properties. In a variety of temperature conditions, this preparation remains stable. Current Mouthwash is a liquid formulation that often has antiseptic and antibacterial properties. This solution can lessen halitosis and bacteria development in the oral cavity.
Advancing Healthcare Through Clinical Trials: A Comprehensive Guide
Modern medical advances are based on clinical trials, which allow for the methodical assessment of novel medications, equipment, therapies, and behavioural changes. From early-stage safety assessments to thorough efficacy evaluations and post-marketing surveillance, these trials are painstakingly planned and carried out in multiple phases. Every stage advances our knowledge of interventions' therapeutic potential, dosage, and safety while ensuring they adhere to strict legal and scientific criteria. This article thoroughly examines the clinical trial process, emphasising its critical role in improving patient outcomes and expanding the range of therapy options. It explores the ethical considerations safeguarding participant rights, including informed consent, risk-benefit analysis, and privacy protection. The intricate drug approval and monitoring processes are emphasised, focusing on the global regulatory frameworks governing trials in significant regions like the US, Europe, India, and Japan. The investigation of novel trial approaches, such as precision medicine and complex statistical designs, demonstrates how trial processes have evolved to increase efficiency and relevance. Pharmacists' essential roles in trial design, medication management, safety monitoring, and post-trial activities are also discussed to maintain compliance, ensure safety, and optimise treatment approaches. Along with discussing the various types of clinical trials such as observational, interventional, and preventative studies, the article also examines various clinical trials' applications in medical research. Ethical concerns are reviewed to ensure that trials adhere to the highest moral and scientific integrity standards, particularly about vulnerable populations and the use of placebos. By promoting stakeholder participation and employing creative strategies, clinical trials continue to advance healthcare advancements. This ensures that patients worldwide obtain safe and effective medications and helps to define the direction of medical research in the future.
Procalcitonin Correlation with SEPSIS Severity in ICU Patients
Abstract High rates of morbidity and death are linked to sepsis, a potentially fatal illness. Procalcitonin (PCT), a biomarker of bacterial infection, is increasingly used in sepsis management to evaluate disease severity and guide therapeutic decisions. In this work, we look at the relationship between procalcitonin levels, sepsis severity, and ICU patient survival rates. Over nine months, participants in this research were observed in the Intensive Care Unit of a Bangalore tertiary care teaching hospital as part of a prospective study design. All the necessary information was gathered, including demographics, medical history, and treatment trends. Upon admission to the intensive care unit, procalcitonin (PCT) levels were checked, and the severity of sepsis was determined using the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score. One hundred thirty-three patients made up the study's sample. Higher SOFA scores and death rates were strongly associated with elevated procalcitonin levels (p < 0.05). The death rate was 42.5% in patients whose PCT levels were high (>10 ng/mL), compared to 12.8% in patients whose levels were low (<2 ng/mL). Survivors demonstrated a trend of declining PCT levels during the treatment course, while non-survivors showed persistently elevated PCT levels. Procalcitonin serves as a reliable biomarker for assessing the severity of sepsis and predicting patient outcomes in ICU settings. Its incorporation into routine clinical practice could improve early diagnosis and stratification of sepsis severity, potentially aiding in timely interventions and improving survival outcomes.
The Crucial Role of Regulatory Affairs: Navigating Compliance and Innovation in the Pharmaceutical Industry
This article investigates the critical importance of regulatory affairs in several industries, including pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, and medical devices. Regulatory affairs are essential for maintaining compliance with global laws and regulations, protecting public health and encouraging innovation. This article looks into regulatory experts' multiple tasks, which include preclinical research, clinical trials, product development, manufacturing, and post-marketing operations. It emphasizes the relationship between regulatory agencies such as the FDA, EMA, and others and the sectors they oversee. Furthermore, it highlights the emerging use of artificial intelligence in streamlining regulatory processes, increasing efficiency, and improving compliance results. By evaluating regulatory affairs' contributions, the paper emphasizes its critical role in fostering innovation, assuring safety, and facilitating market access for life-saving technologies.